Things Fall Apart Precis Chapter 1-13 Essay Example

Things Fall Apart Precis Chapter 1-13 Essay Part 1 Okonkwo is the well off and regarded warrior of the Umuofia tribe. He crushed Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling match and carried respect to his town. Amalinze was undefeated for a long time, so the success caused some consideration towards Okonkwo. The thing was that Okonkwo’s father Unoka, was the inverse. Unoka dreaded seeing blood; anyway he was a talented woodwind player, and had an affection for language. Section 2 The town proclaimer rings the ogene and requests the entirety of the clansmen to assemble in the market in the first part of the day. At the social occasion Ogbuefi Ezeugo reports that somebody from the town of Mbaino killed the spouse of an Umuofia tribesman. Everybody was as frantic as anyone might imagine. So Okonkwo goes to Mbaino and conveys a message saying that they should hand over to Umuofia a virgin, and a youngster. In the event that Mbaino doesn’t collaborate, the two towns must go at war. It sounds useful for Umuofia, realizing that they have gained notoriety for its ability in war and enchantment. Mbaino later consents to Umuofia’s terms and hands over what they need. Since Umuofia didn’t recognize how to manage the multi year old kid, so they gave him to Okonkwo. Okonkwo has three spouses and eight kids, an obi (a hovel) and can bolster every one of them. Okonkwo fears shortcoming, which he connects with his dad and ladies. He additionally continually beats and bothers his child, Nwoye in light of the fact that he discovers him apathetic. Part 3 Okonkwo discusses his youth, and on how he was always unable to have an effective collect. Unoka, his dad had terrible luck and kicked the bucket of a sickness which caused growing of the appendages and stomach. We will compose a custom article test on Things Fall Apart Precis Chapter 1-13 explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Things Fall Apart Precis Chapter 1-13 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Things Fall Apart Precis Chapter 1-13 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Ani the earth goddess didn’t find that demise adequate so along these lines his body couldn't be covered and was sent to the Evil Forest to decay, making Okonkwo progressively embarrassed. Individuals gave numerous seeds to Okonkwo when he was setting up his first homestead in quite a while, yet the developing season later transformed into a fiasco just as for different ranchers in the town. The town endured initial a major dry spell, at that point next unending precipitation and floods. Section 4 The faction concludes that Ikemefuna will remain with Okonkwo. Ikemefuna is yearning to go home and needs to return from the start, yet Nwoye’s mother treats Ikemefuna like her wn, and gets mainstream with Okonkwo’s kids. Ikemefuna knows numerous accounts the kids didn’t know, and has an ability for making woodwinds out of bamboo sticks, and setting snares for shrub rodents. Ikemefuna gets sufficiently settled to call Okonkwo â€Å"father. † Okonkwo likewi se beats his most youthful spouse, since she got her hair interlaced without cooking. The cleric requests Okonkwo to pay a fine and penance a caretaker goat and a hen for his activities. It was the Week of Peace when that occurred and after that locals started to clear the land in anticipation of planting their ranches. Nwoye and Ikemefuna help Oknonkwo with the deeds however are reprimanded in doing as such. Part 5 Before the reap, the town holds the Feast of the New Yam to express gratefulness to the earth goddess (Ani). All the old sweet potatoes left over from the old year must be discarded. Okonkwo welcomes his wife’s family members. While everybody appears to be glad about the coming celebration, Okonkwo realizes he will become weary of it and would prefer to remain on his homestead. Ekwefi, Okonwo’s second spouse confesses to taking a few leaves from his banana tree, so Okonkwo beats her likewise attempts to shoot her however misses. Part 6 Second day of the celebration and everybody accumulates at the town playing field to watch the wrestling match between men of the town and neighboring one. The wrestling closes with a rematch among Ikezue and Okafo, exactly when individuals felt that it would have been another attract a second year a column, Okafo tosses him and wins. At that point the residents sing a melody of recognition to Okafo. Section 7 Nwoye and Ikemefuna get to know each other like siblings. During the nights, the two of them sit close to Okonkwo in his cottage and tune in to accounts of brutality and gore. Nwoye still likes his mother’s stories, however he acts like he doesn’t like them, so it can show Okonkwo he’s manly. Ogbuefi Ezedu, the most established man in the town, needs to sit down to chat with Okonkwo. He needs to address Okonkwo secretly. Ogbuefi Ezeudu discusses how Ikemefuna should be executed as a component of requital to the slaughtering of a lady three years back in Mbaino. Ogbuefi advises Okonkwo not to execute Ikemefuna, since the kid calls him father, however in the long run Okonkwo murders Ikemefuna with his cleaver to make him not give off an impression of being feeble. Part 8 Okonkwo now goes into wretchedness mode. He feels quite powerless, and can’t truly rest or eat. Okonkwo doesn’t eat anything for two days and just beverages palm wine. Nwoye is currently terrified of his father, due to the executing and now attempts to maintain a strategic distance from him. Okonkwo asks Ekwefi to make him a dish, and does it in his preferred way and has Ezinma carry the food to him. Okonkwo over and again wishes that Ezinma was a kid, since she has â€Å"the right soul. † Okonkwo needs some work to occupy himself, however he’s up the creek without a paddle in light of the fact that the down cultivating season. When Okonkwo meets his closest companion Obierika, he continues forever about Nwoye being delicate and gets him out for not accompanying him to murder Ikemefuna. At that point out of nowhere, news comes in saying there has been a demise of the most established man in a neighboring town, not long after his significant other bites the dust. Okonkwo then sits with Obierika to deal his daughter’s brideprice with the group of her admirer. Part 9 Okonkwo can at last rest soundly once more, and feeling like his old self. Similarly as he’s feeling better, he is woken up in the first part of the day to Ekwefi beating his entryway, and attempting to reveal to him that Ezinma is passing on. Okonkwo then runs promptly to Ekwefi’s cottage. Ekwefi’s connection between Ezinma is exceptionally close in light of the fact that that’s her lone kid, while her nine other youngsters passed on in early stages. Okonkwo leaves and comes back to assemble herbs to mend his little girl. After he’s done heating up the herbs, he powers Ezinma and powers her to sit over the pot of medication secured by a cover. In spite of the fact that she grumbles and battles to be let free, she is held down. When Okonkwo is done and discharges her, she’s doused with sweat and nods off. Part 10 The town holds a fascinating service which draws the consideration of a huge group. The clan’s hereditary spirits, which are known as egwugwu, rise up out of a mystery house that no lady at all is permitted to step in. The egwugwu appear as veiled men, however everybody associates that Okonkwo is unified with them. This makes the ladies and kids dreadful. Section 11 Ezinma endure her fever, and she and Ekwefi alternate disclosing to one another folktales. At that point Chielo in her job as priestess illuminates Ekwefi that Agbala, Oracle of Hills and Caves wishes to see Ezinma. Part 12 After Chielo took Ezinma away, Okonkwo couldn't rest. He made a few outings to the cavern before he finallyfound and joined Ekwefi holding up outside the cavern. When Chielo came out of Agbala’s cavern, she restored her to the hovel securely solid snoozing. The next day the town celebrates on the marriage of the girl of Obierika. Part 13 Drums and guns sound for the passing of the most seasoned man in the town, Ezedu. His memorial service was a serious deal since he was one of the big cheeses of the Umuofia. However, during this a mishap happened. Ezedu’s multi year old child has been shot and falls dead. It was Okonkwo who did it and he needed to leave the town for a long time.

Summary of America's 1 percent problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rundown of America's 1 percent issue - Essay Example vel of imbalance in the American culture is apparent in the pay of CEOs versus the salary of the normal laborer which remained at a proportion of 243: 1 out of 2010 (Stiglitz, 2012, 3). While the best one percent are becoming more extravagant continuously, the poor are getting more unfortunate even as the white collar class keeps on contracting. The issue is grave to the point that the white collar class and the poor are headed toward living in neediness and without a security net. Besides, the degree of disparity is extraordinary to the point that monetary uncertainty even among laborers is a reality. While numerous individuals accept that the U.S. is a place where there is chances to the degree that neediness is unfamiliar to it, this isn't the situation as per Stiglitz (2012). He takes note of that separated from the degrees of joblessness, neediness, and financial frailty being high in the U.S., the way of life is, truth be told, on a decay (14). While a few nations including Bra zil have made progress to overcome any issues of imbalance, the U.S. has done nothing in to invert the

Black Belt Essay Samples - The Essentials to Effective Martial Arts Teaching

Black Belt Essay Samples - The Essentials to Effective Martial Arts TeachingBlack belt essay samples are perhaps the most important aspects of a good essay. Because they're going to be graded, the reasonableness of your essay writing skills need to be scrutinized. That's why the introduction of an essay can be so important: as an introduction, it needs to be compelling and offer a sense of purpose for the rest of the essay.Essays need to be both well written and well organized. This means that they need to have a concise introduction. This is particularly true of the first section. It doesn't matter if the essay is lengthy or short, an effective introduction will leave the reader wanting more.Black belt essay samples are full of those. Be sure to look at those. After all, there's nothing worse than reading a bunch of poorly written sentences. Making sure the introduction is the strongest part of the essay will make sure you have a better chance of writing a good one.Another thing tha t will help your writing is the fact that you'll probably be learning martial arts such as Brazilian Jujitsu, Kali-Jitsu, or some other combat art. The more the number of martial arts you have, the more your teaching experience and knowledge of them will be reflected in your writing.For example, if you're a practicing Karate instructor who also teaches at a university, you can use this background to emphasize the importance of the study and make it more attractive. On the other hand, if you don't train any martial arts, you may not want to mention it.The best black belt essay samples do not focus on power but rather technique. As with the introduction, the use of this aspect of your learning experience will make sure you know how to effectively teach martial arts. The information you learn from watching free Brazilian Jujitsu DVDs, for example, will give you the information you need to master Brazilian Jujitsu. If you've learned something about grappling techniques from martial arts instructors, that will be shown too. This is an important part of developing an effective martial arts teaching style.Black belt essay samples are the best place to start when looking for ways to teach martial arts. They're packed with information and advice, and they go into detail about the many different types of martial arts. Using these to your advantage will allow you to teach effectively.

The American Dream as It Relates to Death of a Salesman

The American Dream as it Relates to Death of a Salesman The theme of the American Dream is extremely prevalent in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman. It is so prevalent that there are literally hundreds of different to ways to analyze how the theme is used in the play. One interesting perspective is that the different characters in the play represent different versions of the American Dream. Biff represents the 19th century version of the American Dream, Happy represents the 20th century version, and Willy represents a combination of the two, and is torn between them. In the 19th Century the American Dream was symbolized by the ownership of rich farm land or the attaining of independent craftsmanship. Biff is representative of this†¦show more content†¦One instance of this is the excitable discussion of the sale of the sports goods idea, when he says with enthusiasm, I see great things for you kids (Miller, 861). There is again irony in this situation, as Willy, who was their biggest champion was also by the commission of his infidelity, one of the biggest causes of their failure. The infidelity also leads to his own failure as the collapse of his family life is caused by his association with another woman and Biffs becoming aware of the situation. In essence, this heralded the collapse of Willy and Biffs respective American Dreams. Willys separation between the two versions of the American Dream can be seen when he confronts his boss. Willys current boss is the son of his old boss who Willy believes has made certain assurances to him. When Willy attempts to change his position in the company based on these assurances, he is fired. As the changing of the guard within the company represents the transition of the American Dream from 19th Century to 20th Century, we can see that this 20th Century version of the dream has let Willy down (NovelGuide) Willy appears complex and the meeting of the two dreams in him can be seen by others as strange. We get the clearest insight into his character during a speech by Charley in the Requiem: Nobody dast blame this man. You dont understand: Willy was a salesman, there is no rock bottom to theShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Tragedy In Death Of A Salesman1199 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Tragedy Aristotle defines what a tragedy is in his famed piece Poetics. In it, he sets guidelines that all tragedies should meet in order to become the fantastic displays of misery that they are meant to be. Six main elements are present in every tragedy: plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and spectacle. The two most important, of course, were plot and character. Both had to be complex but believable, consistent, and possess the ability to arouse pity and fear in the audience. AlthoughRead MoreA Detailed Analysis of Death of a Salesman1199 Words   |  5 PagesLook at Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman has been accepted worldwide as one of the greatest American dramas to premier in theatre. The story behind the play is based on Miller’s interactions with his Uncle, a salesman whose efforts to obtain the â€Å"American Dream† and pass his success on to his two sons becomes his main focus. Miller’s life during the preparation of Death of a Salesman provides the spark and inspiration needed to pen a literary classic. Almost five decades later, Death of a Salesman’sRead MoreEssay about The American Dream in Death of a Salesman1371 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’ is an examination of American life and consumerism. It relates the story of a common man who portrays this lifestyle. Other issues explored in the play include: materialism, procrastination and alienation. The play was set in 1948, in a time where The American Dream was highly regarded, despite the Depression. The American Dream was a belief that emerged in the later half of the nineteenth century, that if you work hard you will achieve success and prosperityRead More Failure of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman932 Words   |  4 Pagesof the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is a story about the dark side of the American Dream.   Willy Lomans obsession with the dream directly causes his failure in life, which, in turn, leads to his eventual suicide.   The pursuit of the dream also destroys the lives of Willys family, as well.   Through the Lomans, Arthur Miller attempts to create a typical American family of the time, and, in doing so, the reader can relate to the crisesRead MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the d ifferent cultural backgrounds of each protagonist they bothRead MoreArthur Miller Criticism913 Words   |  4 Pagesmany to be one of Americas greatest writers. As distinguished a writer he is, Miller deserves to be selected for a spot in the prestigious American Author Hall of Fame. His works meet the criteria for the American Authors Hall of Fame since they have themes important to society, are unique, and have universal appeal. Arthur Millers works meet the American Author Hall of Fames first criteria by dealing with themes highly important to society. Some serious themes prevalent in his works were antisemitismRead More Failure of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman907 Words   |  4 PagesFailure of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman    In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller forces the reader to deal with the failure of the American Dream(Field 2367) and the effect it had on the Loman family, how it ruins the life of Willy, and destroys Biff’s life as well.   By focusing on serious problems that the reader can relate to, Arthur Miller connects us with the characters facing these life-altering crisis.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To Willy Loman success is defined asRead MoreEssay about Evaluation of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1571 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluation of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller The play was written by Arthur Miller who was born in Manhattan in 1915 by Jewish immigrant parents. He witnessed the depression and the failing of his fathers businesses. He went to college at the University of Michigan well he wrote and worked with plays. He wrote Death of a Salesman in 1948 in a small Connecticut studio. The play took place in the great depression where a struggling business man tried to provide for his family. He hasRead MoreThe Destruction of Willy Lowmans American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman626 Words   |  3 Pages In Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman readers are introduced to Willy, an ambitious salesman who just cant seem to get a break despite his drive. Willys life is marked by failure, and an almost stubborn attachment to the idea of striking it big. Willys life is ended by his own hands, the result of a broken dream that lead to a broken spirit. In many senses Willy represents the idea of the everyman, the average working class man trying to get ahead, this is reflected in his attachment toRead MoreAnalysis Of Death Of A Salesman, And Booker T. Washington s Speech916 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Dream The Atlantic and Aspen Institute conducted a survey with Penn Schoen Berland to study how people viewed the American Dream in 2015. â€Å"72% said they are living the American Dream or expect to in their lifetime, 85% are happy with their lives overall, 72% are happy with their jobs, 86% are optimistic about the future, and 67% feel financially secure† (Feloni). One of the most memorable explanations of the American Dream was delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. for human equality

What Are the Challenges That Face a Psychotherapist...

Essay Title: â€Å"What are the challenges that face a psychotherapist working with Self-harm or eating disorders?† The focus of this essay will be to examine the challenges a psychotherapist faces when working with eating disorders. Whilst acknowledging eating disorders can include overeating I will base the essay around anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. I will look at the various theories around the subject as well as provide examples of my own experience working within this field. â€Å"I am dying to be thin†. And quite literally death is a strong possibility for people who have an eating disorder. Whether it is anorexia or bulimia the person affected will normally have a distorted body image. Even where there isn’t a morsel†¦show more content†¦Many people will develop an eating disorder for the following reasons: †¢ Need for Control †¢ Perfectionism, †¢ High Achiever †¢ Low Self Esteem †¢ Depression and Anxiety †¢ Relational Difficulties †¢ Media Influence †¢ Trauma †¢ Difficulty expressing feelings and thoughts Some of the symptoms that will often show that a person is suffering from some form of eating disorder include: †¢ Dramatic weight loss in a relatively short period of time. †¢ Wearing baggy clothes or dressing in layers to hide body shape and/or weight loss. †¢ Obsession with weight and complaining of weight problems (even if average weight or thin). †¢ Obsession with calories and fat content of foods. †¢ Obsession with continuous exercise. †¢ Frequent trips to the bathroom immediately following meals (sometimes accompanied with water running in the bathroom for a long period of time to hide the sound of vomiting). †¢ Visible food restriction and self-starvation. †¢ Visible bingeing and/or purging. †¢ Use or hiding use of diet pills, laxatives, ipecac syrup (can cause immediate death) or enemas. †¢ Isolation. Fear of eating around and with others. †¢ Unusual food rituals such as shifting the food around on the plate to look eaten; cutting food into tiny pieces; making sure the fork avoids contact with the lips (usingShow MoreRelatedWhat Are the Challenges That Face a Psychotherapist Working with Self Harm or Eating Disorders.3003 Words   |  13 PagesWhat are the challenges that face a p sychotherapist working with self harm or eating disorders. â€Å"She cuts herself. Never too deep, never enough to die. But enough to feel the pain. Enough to feel the scream inside. The lines I wear around my wrist are there to prove that I exist. A broken mirror, a bleeding fist, a silver blade against a wrist, tears falling down to lips unkissed, shes not the kind youll come to miss.† (http://xxdailydreamxx.tripod.com/id16.html) I took this poem from anRead MoreWhat Are the Challenges That Face a Psychotherapist Working with Self-Harm or Eating Disorders?3182 Words   |  13 Pagespresent suffering from depression. Due to the depression he will have a lack of motivation, self neglect, low self esteem, and at times hopelessness, and helplessness. He will possibly have anxiety, which, due to his fatigue with his illness, will be exacerbated because of the stress reaction and increase in adrenalin. This will cause him to be exhausted and possibly in need of sleep most of the time. His self esteem issues will have an impact on his relationship with his wife due to the fact that heRead MoreWhat Is Stress7162 Words   |  29 PagesWhat Is Stress? Stress is your bodys way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When people feel stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give people more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger. But this can also be a bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extraRead MoreThe Marketing Research of Brainquiry33782 Words   |  136 Pagescontacts are needed they can be found by using the means stated in the sources part of the research. The excel file gives furthermore general information about private insurance companies and an overview of how many people do have which mental disorder in Germany. In the report the promotional part gives an overview of means to use regarding the target groups being looked at by Brainquiry. The final report of the Netherlands consist of following parts: excel files, explanation according toRead MoreDeveloping and Marketing a Blockbuster Drug: Lessons from Eli Lilly’s Experience with Prozac7816 Words   |  32 PagesDeveloping Marketing A Blockbuster Drug: Eli Lilly’s Experience with Prozac BME-6 B. HBS CASE: â€Å"Developing and Marketing a Blockbuster Drug: Lessons from Eli Lilly’s experience with Prozac† 1. What factors contributed to Prozac becoming a blockbuster drug? Explain how each factor contributed and what management decisions helped the drug’s success. The following factors contributed to Prozac’s success: †¢ Prozac’s low side effects and toxicity: The many drugs that were available before

Deeper The Messages of The Crucible by Arthur Miller

The Messages of The Crucible Miller’s purpose for writing The Crucible was to identify the conspiracies in America’s government regarding the â€Å"Red Hunt.† Just like in Salem, the people who were considered bewitched were regular everyday people that were in the wrong place at the wrong time. Evidence and proof of being witched was completely absent but it was the people’s ambition to come out on top and people’s motives to save their own skin that got many innocent people convicted of witchcraft and thus hanged. Just as the innocent people in Salem were condemned of witchcraft and sentenced to death, so to were American people being condemned of being â€Å"communist† during the time of the Cold War in America. People who thought a certain way and who felt a certain way about something were often times under the suspicion of the government of having been communist. The intense rivalry between the two superpowers raised concerns in the United States that Communists an d leftist sympathizers inside America might actively work as Soviet spies and pose a threat to U.S. security.(http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare) There are also many biblical allusions in the Crucible. Abigail is seen to be ambitious in her attempts to gain John’s love away from Elizabeth. Her sneaky and sly since of entitlement can easily be compared to Cain in the story of Cain and Abel. Cain is ultimately jealous of his brother Abel whenever God accepts his offering and not his. AsShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between The Red Scare And The Crucible1506 Words   |  7 PagesConor Regan Mr. Young American Lit Honors 9/29/17 Wicked Witch of the USA: The Parallels Between The Crucible and the Red Scare Imagine the panic when there is the possibility that anyone around who looks no different than everyone else is relaying information to the enemies. Having no idea if the neighbors who have lived there for 15 years are actually spies. Having no idea if there was a real threat of danger right around the block. This is the type of concern spread by Senator Joseph McCarthyRead MoreThe Crucible And The Handmaids Tale Analysis1176 Words   |  5 PagesIn the books The Crucible by Arthur Miller and The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood truth is large concept. Throughout the books truth is used to define the perception and the reality through key symbols that go above and beyond an object. In The Crucible The Bible plays an immense part in shaping characters characteristics, also in The Handmaid’s Tale it shapes one of the main motifs of the story. Throughout the two books, flowers are a meaningful symbol which is compared to a real relationshipRead MoreThe Crucible By Ar thur Miller1852 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent personal interpretations. It is inconceivable to imagine that each novel has only one prominent underlying message or theme. Arthur Miller, the American dramatist and playwright, out of The University of Michigan, was able to transform one of the most notable accounts of mass hysteria and loss of rational thought, and mold it into an elaborate and complex drama. Miller’s, The Crucible tells the story of the Salem witch trials that occurred in Salem, Massachusetts in the late seventeenth centuryRead MoreThe Forced Dilemmas for the Characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller1027 Words   |  4 Pagesoccasion of severe test or trial.† is the most obvious definition the Dictionary gives of the word â€Å"Crucible† that would relate to the title of the novel. However not many think to consider the other definition of the word which is â€Å"a little ceramic or metal container which is used for the purpose of metals or other substances to be melted or subjected to very high temperatures†. In other words a â€Å"Crucible† is a small container which is pact with aggressive results; which fully relates to Salem throughoutRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1545 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"The Crucible,† Arthur Miller portrays two females whose characters, when juxtaposed, look to vastly distinction each and every different. Although the specific phrases aren t used, one girl is basically put forth within the story as â€Å"good† and the other woman as â€Å"evil.† Such black and white rulings of these characters would be close to ironic, in view that that Arthur Miller wrote his play to reveal the risks of judging humans with different mindsets or perception systems. Miller portrayed thatRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesone sounded by the charismatic leader. The genius of charismatic leaders is their ability to embody and articulate a certain mission with which others identify and to which they commit themselves.35 The identiï ¬ cation of groups of people with the message of charismatic personages is necessary for the formation of charismatic communities. Otherwise, those claiming charismatic qualities will remain isolated individuals and are likely to be regarded as eccentric. Because charismatic leadership isRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesElectronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information Overload 353 †¢ Emotions 353 †¢ Language 354 †¢ Silence 354 †¢ Communication Apprehension 355 †¢ Lying 355 Global Implications 356 CulturalRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesmight think because over the past decade my views have changed (all right, I’ve become older), and I have an inveterate tendency to meddle, as any number of my clients and colleagues will testify. The problem is, when you meddle, you get in deeper and deeper until God knows what you have, but it wasn’t what you started with. I have plenty enough opportunity to do that with future books, and I have enough respect for this one to try to stand off a bit. That being said, I did make a few significantRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesusually was judged and measured by the depth and capability and hard-asset credentials of the company’s management. That, of course, remains critically important. However, American companies whose performance most readily slipped in the economic crucible at the beginning of the twenty-first century (and whose recovery was among the slowest) seemed to rate highest in hard-asset terms compared with the many companies with a higher mix of soft-asset management strength, whose results were far better

Cultural Competencies Professional Manager -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cultural Competencies Professional Manager? Answer: Introduction The allocated competencies that have direct relevance to the reflective journey are leadership, commitment, cultural empathy and creative Innovation. However, competencies are particular traits which organizations recruiters find desirable for employees to develop. At the times of interviews and assessment procedures, competencies are drawing on as benchmark, which assessors use to appraise candidates. Skills and competencies are similar in some way but both these two concepts are quite different in terms of their functions (Ellinger Ellinger, 2014). My skills as a leader are of communication, delegation, positivity and responsibility. Skills are therefore the ability of an individual that is derived from his or her knowledge, practice or aptitude whereas, on the other hand competency is more than just knowledge and skills, it help an employee and lead them towards superior performances. Thus, I want to become human resource manager in future. HR managers play a vital role in the o rganizations because they not only provide supervision to their own department but also liable for acquisition and management of employees (Harris Tregidga, 2012). Importance of the skills for todays managers Todays environment of the workplaces are seldom about doing similar things day in and out rather todays knowledge economy has greatly changed the work from being mostly task oriented to creative and fusion. Therefore, the four social competencies that are identified hold greater importance for todays managers. The first important skill is that of leadership which plays an important role for the managers. Managers role has the responsibilities of leadership and therefore, every manager today uses the title of a leader rather than of a manager (Robles, 2012). This title can alone can help todays managers to make a difference in both how they will approach their work how others will act in response to them. Therefore todays managers needs the skill of a leaders so that they can successfully understand people and believe their visions and work united towards achieving the organizational goals along with administering and supervising the employees in the workplace. Another socio-cultural competency is commitment, which is also important for todays managers. Commitment can be there if the manager is loyal to their organization they work from and loyalty will come from trust. However, for a manager high level of commitment also comes from their team members (Vine, 2012). Moreover, through a powerful commitment teams as well as the leaders can go beyond to accomplish great things. Cultural empathy is another skill that is very much important in todays managers because cultures progresses over time and different age group develops diverse values and precedence systems. However, managers responsibility also involves motivating their employees and it can be successfully done if they have adequate knowledge regarding their culture and cultural dynamics. Lastly, managers today also encourage creativity and innovation and actively employ those strategies, which motivate them. Managers must have the skills so that they can through their creative and innovative ideas solve pro blems and lead by example in the workplace (Edwards-Schachter et al., 2015). Academic and popular literature on 2 of the socio cultural competencies According to Ceylan (2013), high commitment of the HR, managers are solely based on the trust that lay emphasis on the regulation of themselves rather than being forbidden by external pressure. However, various studies have highlighted that high commitment of the HR managers bring improvement in the employee him/herself as well as leads towards progress in their organizational performances. Moreover, Marescaux, Winne Sels (2013), has stated that commitment of a HR manager not only helps in improving employees behavior and attitudes, decreases levels of absenteeism and turnover of the employees but also enhances productivity as well as quality and customer care. Kinnie Swart (2012) has argued that HR managers commitment towards their work and workplace can have a crucial effect of improved profitability. McDermott et al., (2013), through his research has concluded that employees in maximum workplaces look after their HR managers for solutions and leadership. Therefore, for a HR manager it is important that they have that confidence to lead. He further added that it could be everything like finding the answers for the employees concerns then putting jointly a team for an important project. Thus, HR managers must know how to balance being a friendly presence as well as taking control and guide his or her subordinates to help stuffs run smoothly. In another research by Gabcanova (2012).), it has been highlighted that HR managers should have eight of the important leadership skills which are leading change, knowledge of the business, strategic as well as critical or analytical thinking, credibility, impactful communication, ethical behavior, result oriented and force for performance and lastly, expressiveness and the potential to influence others. The main body HR managers act as pillars in any organization as they are responsible to guarantee that the right employees are hired, managed as well as tasked so that the business can grow and progress. However, the basic skills that are required for being a successful manager in the HR department are the ability to communicate because is considered an important factor for a successful HR management. Communications can be more than just verbal or written because HR manager needs to make sure that their messages are received and understood by each employee (Guest Woodrow, 2012). Apart from these other skills required for HR, managers are tremendous judgment, sensible as well as honest ethical skill, immense negotiation skills and lastly, ability for strong multitasking. HR managers role is huge as he or she manages, creates, implements as well as supervises policies and regulations, which are compulsory for the employees as well as the employers. HR managers must also have knowledge of the specif ic functions. While managing the employees and the employers there are a lot of essential skill that HR managers requires like leadership, problem solving, communication, integrity, empathy, professional as well as creativity and innovation skills (Stone Stone, 2013). However, among these skills I feel the most important ones are leadership, commitment, and cultural empathy and creativity and innovation skills because without these a HR manager will not be able to function appropriately. Leadership skill is essential because only a manager who has good leadership skill can create a vision towards a vivid and compelling future which can further motivates the employees to feel the urge to achieve it. Then another important in the field that I feel is also holds an equal important position is that of commitment. Managers should have the commitment towards their work as well as organization through which they can make things happen within the organization they work for. However, HR managers with great commitments can actually have high level of determination, stick-to-itiveness as well as a drive than any other employee who can contradict to get things done. Cultural empathy is also important because I feel a HR manager needs to have knowledge regardi ng every culture because today maximum of the organizations are culturally diverse. Therefore, to maintain a healthy organizational culture a HR manager should always be empathetic towards every culture so that employees feel that they are one of the important members of the organization. Lastly, the ability to creatively as well as innovatively solve issues and take decisions for the benefits of the organization also helps the HR manager to lead by example. It can also help him or further to gain support and trust from their fellow employees. Conclusion Therefore, to conclude this reflective essay I can say that I feel I have not yet mastered every skill and definitely need some time for myself development. However, I feel I am quite culturally empathetic and I have leadership skills within me, which I have, felt many a times at the time of my course group projects. However, these skills have definitely helped me aspire for HR managerial dreams because I feel I can best devotee my skills under my aspired designation. I feel I also need to improve my creative and innovative thinking skill a bit because I have faced many such situations where I have failed using this skill. Thus, to improve this I will read more HRM related books to gather more knowledge and further take help from my experienced seniors to provide me feedback and guide me. References Ceylan, C. (2013). Commitment-based HR practices, different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(1), 208-226. Edwards-Schachter, M., Garca-Granero, A., Snchez-Barrioluengo, M., Quesada-Pineda, H., Amara, N. (2015). Disentangling competences: Interrelationships on creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship.Thinking Skills and Creativity,16, 27-39. Ellinger, A. E., Ellinger, A. D. (2014). Leveraging human resource development expertise to improve supply chain managers' skills and competencies.European Journal of Training and Development,38(1/2), 118-135. Gabcanova, I. (2012). Human resources key performance indicators.Journal of competitiveness,4(1). Guest, D. E., Woodrow, C. (2012). Exploring the boundaries of human resource managers responsibilities.Journal of business ethics,111(1), 109-119. Harris, C., Tregidga, H. (2012). HR managers and environmental sustainability: strategic leaders or passive observers?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(2), 236-254. Kinnie, N., Swart, J. (2012). Committed to whom? Professional knowledge worker commitment in cross?boundary organisations.Human Resource Management Journal,22(1), 21-38. Marescaux, E., De Winne, S., Sels, L. (2013). HR practices and affective organisational commitment:(when) does HR differentiation pay off?.Human Resource Management Journal,23(4), 329-345. McDermott, A. M., Conway, E., Rousseau, D. M., Flood, P. C. (2013). Promoting effective psychological contracts through leadership: The missing link between HR strategy and performance.Human Resource Management,52(2), 289-310. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465. Stone, R. J., Stone, R. J. (2013).Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons. Vine, I. (2012). 27. Moral Maturity in Socio-Cultural Perspective: Are Kohlbergs Stages.Lawrence Kohlberg, 431.

Death Of Salesman By Miller Essays - English-language Films

Death Of Salesman By Miller Author Miller's Death of Salesman. Author Miller's plays are usually associated with real life issues filled with failure and disappointment. Death of a Salesman written in 1949 is no exception. The author's main character, Willy Loman, is a traveling salesman who spends his whole life time trying to find success based on looks and popularity. His brother Ben is a millionaire who owns diamond mines in Africa. Ben offers Willy the chance of a lifetime, but Willy is so stubborn that he declines the offer. After working hard for his whole life, Willy wakes up to realize that he is a failure. On top of all of this, both of his son's despise him. His wife is very loving towards him but he does not take time to appreciate it. Because he is a failure, Willy starts to go a little crazy. It is a classic case of trying to chase the inevitable, "American Dream." This is something that turns out to be a nightmare for Willy. The author even creates a pun on Willy's name to let the reader know the direction that the play is going. Willy Loman obviously stands for "Low Man." During the whole play there are vivid flashbacks of Willy in his prime. He starts out making a salary of $170 per week, he buys a nice home in the suburbs, and has two son's. Life was grand at that time. But by the end, Willy dies working on commission. The neighborhood that was so nice when he first moved there has been surrounded by modern buildings. The sight of his house sandwiched between all those newer and better houses shows how much Willy stayed dwelled in the past. Throughout the whole play Willy's dialogue is usually about what "used to be." Willy is like a caveman in modern times. All the people he knew are eihter dead or have moved on.

Identify the Cottonwoods - Trees in the Willow Family

Identify the Cottonwoods - Trees in the Willow Family The common cottonwoods are three species of poplars in the section Aegiros of the genus Populus, native to North America, Europe, and western Asia. They are very similar to and in the same genus as other true poplars and aspens. They also tend to rustle and chitter in a breeze. The Eastern Cottonwood, Populus deltoides, is of the largest North American hardwood trees, although the wood is rather soft. It is a riparian zone tree. It occurs throughout the eastern United States and just into southern Canada. The Black Cottonwood,  Populus balsamifera, grows mostly west of the Rocky Mountains and is the largest Western cottonwood. It is also called Western balsam poplar and California poplar and the leaf has fine teeth, unlike the other cottonwoods. The Fremont Cottonwood, Populus fremontii occurs in California east to Utah and Arizona and south into northwest Mexico; it is similar to Eastern Cottonwood, differing mainly in the leaves having fewer, larger serrations on the leaf  edge  and small differences in the flower and seed pod structure. Quick  Identification Using Leaves, Bark and Flowers Leaves: alternate, triangular, coarsely curved teeth, leafstalks flattened.Bark: yellowish green and smooth on young trees but deeply furrowed in maturity.Flowers: catkins, male-female on separate trees. Quick Winter Identification Using Bark and Location These most common cottonwoods become very large trees (up to 165 feet) and usually occupy wet riparian  areas in the East or seasonally dry creek beds in the West. Mature trees have bark that is thick, grayish-brown, and deeply furrowed with scaly ridges. Young bark is smooth and thin.

Gender Differences in Preschool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gender Differences in Preschool - Essay Example The third type of attention, non-specific positive interactions, refers to any miscellaneous attention given to a student that does not neatly fit into the other categories, which includes encouragement and compliments among other types on interactions. The fourth type of attention, praise, refers to when the teacher verbally points out when a student in engaged in a favorable behavior. The last type of attention, command, refers to any verbal interaction initiated by the teacher which directs the child's behavior in a certain way. Command does not include verbal interactions in the context of discipline. Child misbehavior was also observed and noted. Dobbs, Arnold, and Doctoroff found that teachers do treat boys and girls differently in regards to attention. They found that while there was no difference in the amount of physical warmth and praise that teachers gave to boys when compared to girls, there were differences in the other types of attention. Teachers tended to command boys more than girls, while they also tended to reward and engage in non-specific positive interactions with girls more than boys. There may be some explanation for these findings. First, while boys received more commands from teachers, they were also observed to misbehave more often than girls. It was observed that teachers gave more commands to students who typically misbehaved, even when they were not misbehaving. A possible explanation may be that the teacher is trying to prevent future misbehavior. If this is true, then behavior is in fact the mitigating factor in commands, and not gender. The difference noticed in the frequency of rewards given... This essay stresses that the difference noticed in the frequency of rewards given to boys in comparison to girls may also be contributed somewhat to misbehavior. It was found that while girls receive rewards more often than boys, girls who misbehaved received rewards more often than girls who did not misbehave. At the same time, boys who misbehaved received rewards more often than boys who did not misbehave, although this was still less than girls who did not misbehave. A possible explanation may be that teachers use rewards for acceptable behavior in order to wean children off of misbehaving. This explanation does not completely account for the observations, since non-misbehaving girls still received more rewards than misbehaving boys. At best, misbehavior can be used in conjunction with gender to explain this observation. This paper makes a conclusion that teachers tend to touch children of the same sex as themselves more often that different sex children. There may be many factors at play here, such as the teacher feels more comfortable touching children of the same sex, or that the teacher can relate to children of the same sex more readily. At the same time, it was found that male teachers tended to use a helpful touch far more often with girls than any of the other touching types, whereas female teachers did not favor one type of touch over another. A possible explanation for this may be that the male teachers are operating on the stereotype that females are dependent on males, and therefore need more help than males do.

Feminist Film Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Feminist Film Theory - Essay Example He seems angry but could not resist himself from taking a peek inside once again and while he does so, a dog is shown licking his hand, obviously giving an indication of what is going on inside. Looking at the description of the scene it seems to be a part of some porn film. But it is actually is a scene from an award winning film ‘ The Piano’ directed by a female director named Jane Campion . The scene is erotic, it is sexual and it is about sex. Does it involve a woman? Yes. Is a woman in this scene used as a commodity or is she objectified? No. The scene is a brilliant work of art where even though the love scene shot is very intimate and erotic, it does not expose the body of a woman just so that it can create a visual pleasure for men. This scene, and the movie as a whole, is an answer to what Laura Mulvey in her essay, â€Å" Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema† had challenged the film makers to achieve. Sex is a part of life. We are born out of sex. So sex can never be denied or eliminated from the cinema. But the challenge was to show sex and woman in such a way that it allows her to maintains her dignity and respect in the society and does not become just an object of visual pleasure. The movie ‘ The Piano’ is an excellent example of how this aim can be achieved. Laura Mulvey is one of the thinkers who had discussed the feminism in cinema with the aid of the psychoanalytical theories of Sigmund Freud. She studied the theories of Freud and have tried to understand how woman has been suppressed and objectified in the world of cinema. She has compared Freud’s theory with the way the audience

Evaluate the roles of named players Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the roles of named players Essay Managing future energy needs is certainly a global challenge that requires the cooperation of many named players both on a small and large scale. It has been estimated that global demand for primary energy is set to grow 55% by 2030 and that $22 trillion of new investment is need to meet future energy forecasts. The main player in providing future energy security can be argued to be OPEC as they control the production of over 2/3s of the worlds supply of oil, therefore leading them be price makers in the industry. OPEC is considered to be the most important player in global energy provision, it currently consists of 12 members and was created in 1960 mainly to protect the interests of member countries and to stabilise oil prices for a regular supply to oil consuming countries. However, OPECs obligations have been controversial as they have been accused of holding back on production of oil and gas in order to drive up prices, therefore using the market mechanism of demand and supply to increase profits for member states. Currently it has been proven that collectively, OPEC has stored 900,000 million barrels of crude oil, they own 78% of global resources and have a combined market share of 45% for oil and 18% for gas. This inherently makes them the largest producer of fossil fuels in the world meaning they will have a large if not absolute say in future energy provision and energy security. The responsibility of oil distribution will then fall on OPEC when supply of oil runs low leading to a bidding system for allocation of oil to where demand and price is highest. Another large player involved in providing energy security for the future is multinational oil companies; they are involved in the exploration and extraction of oil as well as transporting and refining the oil to consumers meaning they, as well as OPEC control the prices directly to consumers. Most of the top 20 oil companies in 2005 were state owned with companies such as Saudi Aramco in Saudi Arabia and PDV in Venezuela, this could be beneficial for domestic industry as they may charge less, stimulating the economy with lower production costs. However, many of the largest oil companies are relatively free of direct political influence and are therefore driven by the market mechanism leading to higher prices, above production costs. An example of a petro chemical company that has a direct impact on us in the UK is Gazprom in Russia. It solely controls one third of the worlds gas reserves and accounts for more than 92% of Russias gas production, but more importantly it provides 25% of the EUs natural gas as we are consistently becoming net importers. The security of the energy provision is open to risk as Europes fear is that Russia will be able to name its price for gas because Europe is predominately dependent on its supply. In addition, the reliability is further doubted since Russia temporarily shut off gas supply to Ukraine in 2006 and therefore the whole of Europe. Fossil fuels are of course a finite resource meaning they will one day deplete to such an extent that it will not be cost effective to extract and refine to sell. This insinuates that it is the combined role of governments and oil producing companies to innovate and invest in new technology to sustain increasing energy demands. International Governments is the last and one of the main players in providing future energy security. Governments have the option of allowing oil companies to further exploit their own environment in order to increase oil production such as the case with the province of Alberto. It is estimated up to 2. 5 trillion barrels of are held within the sedimentary oil-shale more so than in Saudi Arabia. This may relieve pressure for rising energy demand in the US as Canada does in fact have a surplus of primary energy. It will also relieve the US from its dominant reliance on the unreliable Saudi Arabian oil reserves with growing political challenges and the threat of terrorism and piracy. However, environmentalists see the exploitation of oil-shale are sands as a disaster in the making, not only does it already have detrimental environmental scars but with current technology, huge amounts of energy are needed in heating the sands to extract the oil (every 3 barrels of oil produced requires 1 barrel to be burnt). Conversely, Governments may opt to incentives conservation of energy through fuel duties or green taxes and emission trading as it leads to industries investing in cleaner technology. In addition, investment in greener fuels such as renewable and nuclear energy is a way for governments to secure energy provision in the future as it can be sustainable and everlasting. In conclusion, each player has a unique role in providing future energy security either with price stability with OPEC, investment into greener technology with oil companies and correct management and legislation from governments to both the exploitation of their environment and their fiscal system in incentive taxation. All in all it depends on the magnitude of integration of all these ideas brought forward that will secure actual energy provision in the future and allow for a sustained and secure increase in consumption of energy.

The Religious Dimension of Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe Essay

The Religious Dimension of Robinson Crusoe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Robinson Crusoe’s discovery of the work ethic on the small island goes hand in hand with a spiritual awakening.   Robinson Crusoe is not a very profound religious thinker, although religion is part of his education and transformation.   He claims he reads the Bible, and he is prepared to quote it from time to time.   But he doesn’t puzzle over it or even get involved in the narrative or character attractions of the stories.   The Bible for him appears to be something like a Dale Carnegie handbook of maxims to keep the work on schedule and to stifle any possible complaints or longings for a different situation.   Still, the religious dimension is central to Robinson Crusoe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robinson Crusoe’s interpretation of his life links the financial success directly and repeatedly with his growth in religious awareness.   This is not an intellectual conversion but, simply put, an awareness that he has, in some ways, received God’s grace and is under His care.   The growing profitability of his efforts is proof of such a spiritual reward.   This awareness fills him with a sense of guilt for his former life and a great desire to be relieved of that guilt.   The desire to be relieved from that feeling of guilt, in fact, is much stronger than Robinson Crusoe’s desire to be delivered from the island. Now I looked back upon my past life with such horror, and my sins appeared so dreadful, that my soul sought nothing of God but deliverance from the load of guilt that bore down all my comfort.   As for my solitary life; it was nothing; I did not so much as pray to be delivered from it or think of it; it was all of no considerations in comparison to this; and I added this part here to ... ... The inhabitants of the New World were there to be ignored, like Friday’s father, used as servants, like Friday, or killed, like the cannibals.   The important part of the Puritan encounter with the New World was what Robinson Crusoe shows us, the spiritual testing of the solitary Protestant spirit, a life-long ordeal in which he achieved success (or the closest thing to a manifestation of success) by stamping his will on the new land, staking out territory as his property through backbreaking toil, without any concessions to anyone or anything, least of all to the land or to its original inhabitants.   That was the Puritan’s calling; that was the reason God has placed us on this earth: to put to our personal uses the material and people available, to ignore what does not fit in with such projects, and to remove quickly and ruthlessly anything that stands in our way.

The Jones Family, Incorporated

THE JONES FAMILY, INCORPORATED Principles of Corporate Finance 6th Edition Richard A. Brealey and Stewart C. Myers The accompanying table summarizes Johnny's NPV calculation. He assumed Marsha would take 25 100-mile trips per year, saving $200, plus $1. 00 per mile, plus a $40 tip on every trip. Operating costs would be $. 45 per mile. The net savings are $295 per trip and $7375 per year.These savings increase with inflation at an assumed rate of 4% per year. It seems that Marsha's horse transporter was a good buy after all: NPV is positive (+ $14,325). MINICASE SOLUTIONS THE JONES FAMILY'S HORSE TRANSPORTER |Year |0 |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 | |1.Investment (plus ending value in | | | | | | | | | | |year 8) |-35,000 | | | | | | | |+15,000 | |2. Insurancea |-1,200 |-1,200 |-1,200 |-1,200 |-1,200 |-1,200 |-1,200 |-1,200 | | |3.Net savings vs. rented | | | | | | | | | | |transporterb | |+7,375 |+7,375 |+7,375 |+7,375 |+7,375 |+7,375 |+7,375 |+7,375 | | | | | | | | | | | | |4.Cash flow |- 36,200 |+6,175 |+6,175 |+6,175 |+6,175 |+6,175 |+6,175 |+6,175 |+21,175 | |5. Adjusted for 4% inflationc | | | | | | | | | | | |-36,200 |+6,422 |+6,679 |+6,946 |+7,224 |+7,513 |+7,813 |+8,126 |+28,979 | |6.Present valued |-36,200 |+5,892 |+5,622 |+5,364 |+5,118 |+4,883 |+4,658 |+4,445 |+14,543 | NPV = + 14,325 a Paid at start of year. b Savings per 100-mile trip: 200 + 100 (1. 00 – . 45) + 40 = $295. For 25 trips per year, annual savings are 295 x 25 = $7375. Here the savings are entered at end of year (or start of the next year). This understates their value: the Jones family would actually begin to save right away. c Savings increase by 4% per year. Year 8 cash inflows from line 4 are multiplied by (1. 04)8. d Line 5 discounted at 9%.

Ten Things to Know About North Korea

The country of North Korea has been in the news frequently in recent years due to its uneasy relationship with the international community. However, few people know much about North Korea. For example, its full name is The Democratic Peoples Republic of North Korea. This article provides facts such as these to give an introduction into the 10 most important things about North Korea in an effort to geographically educate readers on the country. Fast Facts: North Korea Official Name: Democratic Peoples Republic of KoreaCapital: Pyongyang  Population: 25,381,085 (2018)Official Language: KoreanCurrency: North Korean won (KPW)Form of Government: Dictatorship, single-party state  Climate: Temperate, with rainfall concentrated in summer; long, bitter winters  Total Area: 46,540 square miles (120,538 square kilometers)Highest Point: Paektu-san at 9,002 feet (2,744 meters)Lowest Point: Sea of Japan at 0 feet (0 meters) 1. The country of North Korea is located on the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, which extends from the Korea Bay to the Sea of Japan. It is south of China and north of South Korea and occupies roughly 46,540 square miles (120,538 square km), making it slightly smaller than the state of Mississippi. 2. North Korea is separated from South Korea via a ceasefire line that was set along the 38th parallel after the end of the Korean War. It is separated from China by the Yalu River. 3. The terrain in North Korea consists mainly of mountains and hills that are separated by deep, narrow river valleys. The highest peak in North Korea, the volcanic Baekdu Mountain, is found in the northeastern portion of the country at 9,002 feet (2,744 m) above sea level. Coastal plains are also prominent in the western portion of the country, and this area is the main center of agriculture in North Korea. 4. North Koreas climate is temperate, with the majority of its rainfall concentrated in the summer. 5. The population of North Korea as of a July 2018 estimate was 25,381,085, with a median age of 34.2 years. Life expectancy in North Korea is 71 years. 6. The predominant religions in North Korea are Buddhist and Confucian (51%), traditional beliefs like Shamanism are 25%, while Christians make up 4% of the population. The remaining North Koreans consider themselves followers of other religions. In addition, there are government-sponsored religious groups in North Korea. The literacy rate in North Korea is 99%. 7. The capital of North Korea is Pyongyang, which is also its largest city. North Korea is a communist state with a single legislative body called the Supreme Peoples Assembly. The country is divided into nine provinces and two municipalities. 8. North Koreas current chief of state is Kim Jong Un, who took office in 2011. He was preceded by his father Kim Jong-Il and grandfather Kim Il-Sung, who has been named North Koreas eternal president. 9. North Korea gained its independence on August 15, 1945, during the Korean liberation from Japan. On September 9, 1948, the Democratic Peoples Republic of North Korea was established when it became a separate communist country and after the end of the Korean War, North Korea became a closed totalitarian country, focused on self-reliance to limit outside influences. 10. Because North Korea is focused on self-reliance and is closed to outside countries, more than 90% of its economy is controlled by the government and 95% of the goods produced in North Korea are manufactured by state-owned industries. This has caused development and human rights issues to arise in the country. The main crops in North Korea are rice, millet, and other grains, while manufacturing focuses on the production of military weapons, chemicals, and the mining of minerals like coal, iron ore, graphite, and copper. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - North Korea.Infoplease.com. Korea, North: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. North Korea.

The Negro Movement - 1364 Words

Looking back at the history of the culture that has risen from the ashes; one may be quite surprised just how far the African American culture has come. The progression of the African American culture is indeed one to be proud of. From cotton fields to Harlem, â€Å"The New Negro Movement†, sparked a sense of cultural self-determination, with a yearning to strive for economic, political equality, and civic participation. This was a movement that sparked a wide range of advancements in the African American culture. Leaving footprints of great individuals as well as set a path way for future generations to follow; setting a trend for Black greatness. After the American Civil War there was a spark within the African American culture†¦show more content†¦Additionally, there were other aspects of Black greatness emerging from oppression. â€Å"†¦Through their artistry, the literature of this period helped to facilitate a transformation from the psychology of th e â€Å"Old Negro† (characterized by an implied inferiority of the post-Reconstruction era when black artists often did not control the means of production or editorial prerogatives) to the â€Å"New Negro† (characterized as self-assertive, racially conscious, articulate, and, for the most part, in charge of what they produced). Landmark texts that marked this transformation and encouraged increased exploration of African American experience through literature included The Book of American Negro Poetry (1922), edited by James Weldon Johnson and The New Negro (1925) by Locke. The short-lived literary magazine Fire!! (1926) also had a significant impact on the literary production because it represented the efforts of younger African American writers (such as Hughes and Hurston) to claim their own creativity apart from older artists (such as DuBois and James Weldon Johnson), as well as to establish autonomy from potential white exploiters...† (Trudier Harris-Lopez, â€Å"Forward† Harlem Renaissance, Volume I. Janet Witalec, project editor. Farmington Hill, MI: Gale, 2003 Call and Response: The Riverside Anthology of the African American Literary Tradition. Ed. Patricia LigginsShow MoreRelatedThe Movement Of The Negro World1407 Words   |  6 Pages at the age of 28, and cultivated the American Negro through his oratory that is seen as the awaken of Black Nationalism. Garvey’s work does not end in America, he’s efforts were world-wide but not limited to Africa to Nova Scotia, and South America. 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Harlem was characterized as â€Å"not merely the largest Negro community in the world, but the first concentration in history of so many diverse elements of Negro life† (Bolarinwa). The Harlem Renaissance, known to be â€Å"The New Negro Movement† (Bolarinwa), gave spark to the African Americans to emerge their new lifestyle with works that were rooted in their own culture, rather than imitating the culturesRead MoreThe New Negro Movement, By Zora Neale Hurston1720 Words   |  7 Pages1, in a relatively small section in New York City and ended during the aftermath of The Great Depression. This was by far one of the most influential movements in African American culture. African Americans took pride in themselves and in their culture and wanted to showcase this through fr eedom of expression. Self-love in the â€Å"New Negro Movement† was monumental as it spread not only through Harlem, NY but also throughout the world. Innovators such as Zora Neale Hurston who was a novelist, anthropologistRead MoreAaron Douglas, The New Negro Movements Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican could draw, paint or sculpt something so beautiful. According to historyoftheharlemrenaissance.weebly.com, Between 1920-1930 and outburst of creativity among African American occurred in every aspect of art. This cultural movement became known as the New Negro Movement later the Harlem renaissance. The art today isnt really memorable but during that time it was, it expressed how the people in Harlem were feeling and they told a story through their artwork. All the different artists had differentRead More`` Walls Of Jericho ``999 Words   |  4 Pagesago. But the complexion of the place is theirs, not mine. I? Why, I am actually stared at, I frequently feel uncomfortable and out of place, and when I go out on the floor to dance I am lost in a sea of white faces†¦Time was when white people went to Negro cabarets to see how Negroes acted; now Negroes go to these same cabarets to see how white people act.† African-American physician, radiologist, musician and novelist Rudolph Fisher was coupled with the Harlem Renaissance, whose fiction credibly illustratedRead MoreAnalysis of the New Negro Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesIn the beginning Alain Locke tells us about the â€Å"tide of negro migration.† During this time in a movement known as the Great Migration, thousands of African-Americans also known as Negros left their homes in the South and moved North toward the beach line of big cities in search of employment and a new beginning. As Locke stated, â€Å"the wash and rush of this human tide on the beach line of Northern city centers is to be explained primarily in terms of a new vision of opportunity, of social and economicRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1168 Words   |  5 Pagespositive gains that have been achieved by the civil rights movement. In this speech King provided his audience with several facts on how the people have came a long way from where they began and that the civil rights movement has made a great progress in its struggle for equal treatment under the law. In King s speech, he begins by claiming that they have come a long way from where they began. As he starts to speak about the growth of the Negro community he states, Now let us notice first that we veRead MoreNew Negro Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesThe abolition of slavery in the United States presented southern African Americans with many new opportunities, including the option of relocation in search of better living conditions. The mass movement of black people from the rural areas of the South to the cities of the North, known as the Black Migration, came in the 1890s when black men and women left the south to settle in cities such as Philadelphia and New York, fleeing from the rise of Jim Crowe Laws and searching for work. This migration

African American Culture s Justice System - 993 Words

Since the 17th century, African Americans have been ridiculed, devalued, and oppressed. To be more exact 1616 is the year that African Americans started to become an enslaved race. Slavery was just the first chapter in the book of African American oppression. Ever since then society has treated the black community, as if they do not belong in America. The Jim Crow laws made it so that black people were excluded from a majority of the rights and resources that were supposed to be available for everybody. Mass incarceration is just a new, but subtler, version of oppressing the African American community. This is all due to our â€Å"justice† system. Our culture’s justice system needs to be reformed because, race affects your everyday life, mass incarceration impacts you when you are in and out of prison, and too many people feel that American is a colorblind nation. One of the reasons our culture’s idea of justice needs to be reformed is because, race plays too much of a factor in how you are treated today in society. In her book, The New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander states that â€Å"three out of four young black men can expect to serve time in prison.†(Alexander, Pg. 6) This shows of how a majority of the African American population is expected to be in jail at least once in their life. This is one of the reasons why black people tend to be afraid of the police. This is also important because, it clearly shows of how the black population is geared to be incarcerated. When I readShow MoreRelatedThe United Nations Universal Human Rights Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesstandard for every individual’s rights. Focusing on culture, one may see that cultural rights are not clearly defined and are oftentimes in conflict with other types of rights. In this paper, I will first discuss the United Nations’ use of ‘cultu ral’ in its universal human rights in relation to the concept of cultural relativism. Then, using South African and American practices, such as virginity testing and discriminatory criminal justice system respectively, I will describe and analyze practicesRead MoreThe Classification Of Native Americans1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe classification of Native Americans by the United States government has long produced tension. Native Americans within the United States are classified using standards that differ from those used to classify other racial or ethnic minorities, specifically African Americans. While, historically, the classification of African-Americans as relied upon the â€Å"one-drop† rule, the classification of Native Americans over the past hundred years has relied upon varying, complicated, and ultimately arbitraryRead MoreRacial Segregation And Popular Culture1676 Words   |  7 Pagesunequal treatment in various systems that impact people in the society negatively. Racial biases exist unconsciously in our attitudes. This leads to actions that are negatively interpreted in our cultures and diffuse in the media, which in turn, form prejudice and discrimination that structure systems to target minority groups. The two most frequent racial stereotypes in cultural and social agendas are popular culture and the media. Both frame images of African Americans and utilize the images to provideRead MoreThe Downfall Of The Black Experience1559 Words   |  7 PagesMany Americans point to the suffering of the African American experience from the internal problems in African Americans communities; however, they neglect the external social constraints that African Americans have faces in America. African Americans have suffered oppression through social institution through factors such as Segregation, Racial Crimination, and Mass incarnation. The constraint of segregation was a way of social, political, and economical control over African Ameri cans. African AmericansRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 PagesImagine if someone was able to change others perceptions on the American criminal justice system? Michelle Alexander was able to accomplish that by altering some people s entire perception on the American criminal justice system by focusing on our most pressing civil right issues of our time for some of those who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegalRead MoreRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1725 Words   |  7 Pagestreatment of members of that race. Also, this paper will be focusing on the race industry within the criminal justice system in all level law enforcement, courts and court system. Racial discrimination can be researched back in history its leading enablers take it as undisputable that the African American co mmunity has the highest number of incarceration rates result within the criminal justice system. According to many evidence and statistics is can be stated that at a presidential primary debate BarackRead MoreInjustice Is The Lack Of Fairness Or Justice1285 Words   |  6 PagesInjustice is the lack of fairness or justice. According to the U.S. Justice Department, in 2003 about 10.4% of all African American men between the ages of 25 to 29 were incarcerated, as compared to 2.4% of Hispanic men and 1.2% of non-Hispanic White men. This seems to be an injustice to me that even with this information being 10 years old there has been no significant change in these numbers or at least an equal distribution of the individuals incarcerated. African American men have a one-in- three chanceRead MoreRacism And Discrimination : America s Justice System1301 Words   |  6 Pagescolor fall victim to. America s justice system by our constitution intends to provide justice for all; however, I be lieve that racial profiling continues to deter from that goal because of its negative inflictions by our structural law enforcement, society, and cultural upbringing. Native American, Caucasians, African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic is all vastly discriminated when we as people, consider race as a viable indicator of weakness. Native Americans are seen as people whose pre-ColumbianRead MoreEssay Police Culture1335 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Culture Marissa Efros, Lysa Lawson, Awele Meju, Makita Walker, Joseph Washington CJA/214 May 24, 2012 Jesse Banks Police Culture The history of policing can be traced back to the beginning of time. When looking at the subject of police work there is a large culture and history that follows along with it. There are many topics that can be analyzed when identifying, and describing the elements and the significances that are associated with policing. A largeRead MoreRacially Based Jury Nullification : Black Power Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal Justice system† by Paul Butler Introduction The article Racially Based Jury Nullification: Black Power in the Criminal Justice system was written in December, 1995 in a Yale Law Journal by Paul Butler, and then later republished in 2015 in Introduction to Legal Studies. This article was published in North America, for academics in the law stream, or anyone with an interest in law. The author poses different views on the racism in todays court rooms faced by African Americans. In this essay

Commercial and Company Law Regards of Advertising

Question: Describe about the Commercial and Company Law for Regards of Advertising. Answer: Solution There are three basic problems that are raised in the given scenario: Solution 1 Law of contract Issue Is there a valid contract between Vanessa and Nikhil car sales Pty. Ltd? Law The question raised relates to the law of contract. A contract is said to be formed between two persons when there is an offer made by an offeror and the same is accepted by another person known as offeree[1]. But only an offer and an acceptance does not brings a contract into existence as there must be presence of consideration, intention and capacity of parties to make a valid contract[2]. An offer is an intent to carry out certain acts or inactions desired by one person (offeror) which is communicated to another person (offeree) with a desire of consent[3]. However, an invitation to treat is not an offer, rather, it is an invitation to invite offers from persons and upon receiving offers the same might be accepted or rejected by the person inviting the offer. In Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots advertisement ware considered as invitations.[4] An acceptance is said to be made when the offer is assented to by the offeree upon the terms contained in offer. An acceptance must be same as an offer[5]. A consideration is the value which is paid in return for the performance of the promise by one party to the other [6]. The parties to the contract must have capacity i.e. they must be of sound mind and major. There must be intention to be in legal relation with each other by the parties. Generally presence of legal intention is presumed to be there are commercial contracts and absent in domestic/ social contracts unless otherwise proved[7]. All the elements are necessary to formulate a valid contract[8]. Now, the law is applied to the given factual scenario. Application Nikhils Car Sales Pty Ltd gave an advertisement regarding sale of Mazda. In the ewspaper it was stated Used car sale. Unbeatable offers on 3-year old models. Low kilometres. 12-month warranty. Vanessa wanted a car and visited Nikhils Car Sales Pty Ltd and liked a yellow Mazda. She notes that the odometer showed that the car had run 75,000. The salesman further told her: Personally, I think this one is the best of the lot. Vanessa tells that she can pay $9,500 cash Nikhil assents to the same. Nikhil prepares sale document but here is no mentioning of warranty over it and Vanessa signs the same. Three months later car had slipping out of gear mechanic tells her that repairing that will cost her $2,500. And moreover the mechanic from the service record shows actually the car covered 175,000 kilometres. The advertisement in the newspaper by Nikhils Car Sales Pty Ltd was an invitation to treat as held in Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots (1953). Thus an offer was made by Vanessa upon the same and was accepted by Nikhil. Furthered, the parties are capable and intent to create a legal relationship with a valid consideration of $9500. So all the elements of contract that is an offer its acceptance, consideration, intention to be in legal relation and capacity are present. Conclusion So there is a binding contract in the instant case. Solution 2 Law of Misrepresentation Issue Can Vanessa claim anything from Nikhil car sales Pty. Ltd. under common law? Law The question raised relates to the common law of misrepresentation. Whenever a contract is entered between the parties and one of the parties while entering into a contract misrepresents or deceives the other party then in that case the other party can sue the defaulting party under common law. Remedies under Common Law Misrepresentation exists in common law when one party knowingly makes a false statement to another party in order to mislead that other party and persuades him to enter into contract with such mislead party on the basis of such false statement. The various elements that are mandatory for establishing misrepresentation are[9]: The statements made must not be future statements and they must pertain to present or past only[10]. The statements in the form of opinion are not misrepresentations[11]. The party who makes a false statement must have knowledge that the same is false[12]. The statements must be made with the intention to influence the other party to give its assent to the contract[13]. A party who had been misrepresented can rescind the contract and also has the right to claim damages[14]. Now, the law is applied to the given factual scenario. Application A contract was made between Vanessa and Nikhils Car Sales Pty Ltd but still there are remedies which Vanessa can avail the common law as she had been misrepresented by Nikhil. She was told that the car had run 75000 but in fact it had 175000 which was the major reason for purchase of instant car by Vanessa. Hence a factual statement was made to induce her to make a contract. Moreover about the opinion of the salesperson that this was the best in lot would not be covered under misrepresentation as it was an opinion and hold no value. Conclusion So, has right to rescind the contract and can claim damages in instant case. Solution 3 Section 18 of the ACL Issue Can Vanessa claim anything from Nikhil car sales Pty. Ltd. under Australian Consumer Law? Law The question raised relates to section 18 of the Australian Consumer law. If there is misleading conduct by any party then the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) incorporates the liabilities that can be imposed upon such breaching party. As per Section 18 of the ACL, the parties while in trade and commerce should not engage themselves in deceptive or misleading conduct. The elements which are necessary to establish that the party had mislead are[15]. The statement can be written or oral one. The statement must relate to commercial transactions. Silence does not amounts to misrepresentation unless otherwise is proved[16]. In case the party who is being deceived knows that it is being misrepresented then the above section does not applies[17]. As per case law of Yorke v Lucas (1985) in case there is no intentional deception by any party and the other party suffers then in that case the section does not applies[18]. This section does not apply when the deception relates to future transaction and only applies to past and present events. In case of violation of section 18 of the Australian Consumer law the following consequences may follow:[19] As per section 236 of Australian Consumer law damages can be seeked by the suffering party. As per section 243(2) of Australian consumer law the suffering partty may get ancillary orders against the deceiving party. The suffering party can get its money refunded. The suffering party can get declaration regarding the contrcat as void from court and can get avoid the contract entered into by it with he deceiving party. As per section 232 to 236 of Australian Consumer Law the suffering party can get injunction orders from court. Now, the law is applied to the given factual scenario. Application As per statutory law i.e. Australian Consumer Law Vanessa has certain rights. As per section 18 of Australian Consumer Law, Nikhils Sales Pty Ltd deceived Vanessa and gave her wrong information about the previous run of car which leads to purchase of that car by Vanessa. The same was done in trading with Vanessa by Nikhils Sales Pty Ltd. So Vanessa has rights and remedies as per section 18 of the Australian Consumer Law in which she can avoid the contract and claim from Nikhils Sales Pty Ltd. Also apart from other remedies in said section as stated. Conclusion It can be stated that Vanessa has rights under statutory law and Nikhil will have to pay for the deception on its part and Vanessa will be able to rescind the contract entered with Nikhil as per law stated above.

Research Methodology and Statistics

Various research approaches Correlation study This is the study that uses statistical measures to identify the relationship existing between variables. One of the advantages is that it provides room for simple observation of variables in their original set-up. It also protects the results hence no room for manipulation. Its disadvantage is that it does not have the ability to relate variables (McMillan and Schumacher, 1993).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Research Methodology and Statistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gay, Mills, Geoffrey and Airasian (2006) define a correlation study as â€Å"a quantitative method of research in which you measure two variables for each individual. Its collected data determines whether, and to what degree, a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable variables† (p. 191). â€Å"Correlation study shows the relationship between two variables but do not g ive inner details and description on the mechanism of the relationship† (Gay et al., 2006, p. 11). In this study researchers are capable of making predictions on things having familiar correlation unlike in casual comparative study (LaFountain and Bartos, 2002, p.32). Disadvantage is that it is not easy to remember correlational study since cause is not measured. Researchers are not able to â€Å"establish the cause of phenomena despite the existing relationship† (LaFountain and Bartos, 2002, p. 45). Casual-comparative study This is the method that reveals casual relationship existing between variables. It relates the subject in question to already available data provided by the management. The availability of management in this design helps in providing sufficient information for the study. However, in some instances in-depth study on independent variables is required so as to develop necessary test differences between groups. Example is a research study done on the ca uses of death amongst the newborn babies, the researcher selects the record on actual cases of babies who have died within the first month of life and then record the ‘controls’ who are the babies who survives their first month of life. The researcher then interviews the nurses to compare the history of these two groups in order to determine the prevailing risk factors that might have caused the deaths as opposed to survival (Holland et al., 1985).Advertising Looking for assessment on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advantage is that researchers are â€Å"able to make predictions† on things that their correlations are known unlike in casual comparative study (LaFountain and Bartos, 2002, p.34). The variables used in this study cannot be manipulated, hence making this method desirable. This is quite different from other study methods like correlation. The study tries to â€Å"highlight the cause of the effect† making implementation easier (Resenthal and Rosnow, 1999, p. 190). Disadvantage of Correlation is that is difficult to remember since causes are not measured. Researchers are not able to â€Å"establish causes of events despite the relationship† (LaFountain and Bartos, 2002, p.34). Also compared to other study types like quasi experimental study, casual-comparative does not provide â€Å"an actual or accurate data to the researcher† (Resenthal and Rosnow, 1999, p.222). Quasi-experimental study This study examines the results through comparison of subjects that receive program activities and the results of such similar group that do not receive program activities. The results before and after group’s participation are compared. The advantage of this type of experiment is that it has the ability to reveal causes and effects. Its disadvantage is that it cannot establish relationship between the results (Campbell and Stanley, 1963). Quasi experiment can be very valuable in providing important information such as; detailed information about the population under study, information that identifies the expected changes and results, detailed data on the level of change that occurs over a period of time, it also provides information on the changing outcomes and those that do not change (Bogdan and Biklen, 2007). Experimental study This is the method where the variables defining one or more phenomena can be adjusted to suite the definition of other variables. One of the advantages is that it allows for direct manipulation and control of the independent variable. It limits any other explanations and allows direct casual relationship between variables. One of the limitations is that it requires a laboratory for the experiment to be undertaken; this affects the outcome since the results are artificially generated. There is minimal control of variables and this may sometimes make the experiments difficult to undertake (Campbel l and Stanley, 1963).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Research Methodology and Statistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sampling approaches Sampling is the process where a subgroup is picked from a population and then used as the main study phenomena to reveal the characteristics of the whole population. This makes it easy for the researcher to generalize the issues about the population based on the characteristics of the sample group. Advantage of sampling methods is that it is easier to collect data from small number of participants. Large population can be described using several variables which might prove to be very expensive (Borg, Gall, and Gall, 1993; Gall, Borg and Gall, 1996). The following are the different types of sampling approaches used; Random sampling This is the non-systematic collection of samples from whole population. Every member within the population holds an equal opportunity to b e included in the sample, all the process is based on chance. Example when one wants to identify preferred candidate for a post. A list of citizens who are registered voters within the region is obtained, then the names are written on cards after which the cards are mixed and selected randomly based on chance. Advantage of this method is that it provides opportunity for participation of all subjects. This approach is preferred over others because it provides chance for general results. For instance if there was a study to collect results from twenty people selected randomly or from 100 people selected using other methods, the small sample is found convenient to work with. Disadvantages include the fact that this method must have a list indicating all population members, it is also more expensive to conduct, time consuming and the data can be easily manipulated. Stratified sampling In this approach, random samples are collected from identified groups within the population. Advantage of this approach is that it ensures there is proportional presentation of members from a particular group. The disadvantages is that it’s a bit complicated and requires a lot of input since each strata must be defined in a more careful way.Advertising Looking for assessment on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This approach is used where the population comprises of distinct sub-groups that must be studied. In this case accurate estimate of each sub-group is made by taking sample of adequate size from each stratum. Estimate of the whole population can be done by first knowing the total population of each strata then adding their estimates. Cluster sampling This is where samples of successive groups are identified and divided into small units. Cluster sampling results in less accurate estimates of indicators as compared to random sampling. This is because participants found within the clusters may sometimes show similar characteristics. One advantage of this sampling method is that it is possible to work with local list even without the list of population members; it is also possible to isolate members to avoid unnecessary contradictions. Disadvantage of this method is that sometimes it is difficult to â€Å"equate clusters in a level† due to differences in characteristics. This call s for increase in the size of sample in order to find varied characteristics (Black, 1999, p 118; Wiersma, 1995). An example where it can be used is where population is spread over wide area posing some difficulty in data collection. Cluster sampling is used to concentrate fieldwork in specific clusters. External and Internal Validity of a Study Gay, Mills, Geoffrey and Airasian (2006) defines validity as â€Å"the degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure; a test is valid for a particular purpose for a particular group† (p153 and 603). Validity focuses on testing and measuring the intended phenomenon. There are four types of validity; â€Å"Content validity indicates the level to which a test measures a sample of a whole population to establish its characteristics. Criterion validity indicates the capability of predicting test scores hence estimating performance based on the appraised test. While construct validity looks at mental interpretation of test performance† (Creswell, 2008, p172; Gay et al., 2006, p.152). Internal validity is a case where the research is examined to reveal whether it demonstrated any valid relationship between the variables under study (Patton, 1990). The study is considered internally valid in a case where the effects on dependant variable are due to the differences that exist between independent variables. Threats to internal validity include; past events, growth, testing, human disadvantages and effects from instruments, statistical regression, selection, mortality and imitation of treatments. On the other hand External validity presents ways on which findings are generalized across entire population or subjects under investigation (Altheide and Johnson, 1994). Threats to external validity include; â€Å"relationship between treatment and attributes, relationship between treatment and setting, conflict between multiple and treatment, pretest and post-test sensitization† (Gay et al., 2008, pp241-247). External and internal validity are related in that as more controls are implemented which increases the internal validity; the generalization of the experiment reduces. There are several threats that affect validity; however the researcher need to take some necessary measures which include; avoid using pretest results if at all it might have some effects on the posttest results (Katzer, Cook and Crouch, 1998). Also the length of the treatment period should be shortened when there is prediction that the objects used may not survive the treatment period set, dividing the subjects into half if at all the post-test may differ from the pre-test results. Prediction of non-performance of subjects on an experimental task leads to development of an alternative instruction manual (Brownell, 1992). To strengthen internal validity researchers must identify all potential barriers before running an experiment. Researchers need to implement control techniques such as balancing samples through random selection. They should further use appropriate experimental designs. Strengthening of external validity involves experimenting on a phenomenon within labs that are free from real world duplicates. Researchers also need to find out if the environment in the laboratory is the same as that in real world. Example: A researcher compares the scores of students on discussion question versus those who do not explain their points on the same questions (Yin, 1994). If the findings indicate that those who discuss questions score significantly higher than the other group, it implies that discussion of questions is effective. If at all the students who elaborate on questions are given more exercises on how to answer the questions than those who do not, then there is involvement of extraneous variable which weakens the quality and validity of the experiment (Cooper and Schindler, 2001; Leedy, 1997). Example: The percentage change in the incidence of crime in the 106th Precinct may have been the result of the normal decline in crime experienced during the fall of the year and may have had little or nothing to do with 15% increase patrol officers. The decrease in crime experienced may be attributed to any of these factors; increased patrol effects, low crime due to season, or both factors. The study is considered to be logically confounded since there was no control on seasonal variation in crime (Friel, 2010). Statistics A variable is a subject that is measured in a research study; it can be in form of an object, event or any other measurable category. It is divided into independent and dependent variable (Hittleman and Simon, 2006; Creswell, 2008). An independent variable is a variable whose characteristics are not changed by other variables, it stands alone. Examples include; â€Å"age, gender and training course† (Creswell, 2008, p. 306). While dependent variable is that variable which depends on other factors, it is subject to change depending on ho w it is influenced by others (Gay and Airasian, 2000, pp 571-590). A good example is â€Å"frequency of smoking† (Creswell, 2008, p. 306). Case study I In this case the independent variable include teaching, this is because other factors such as new technology, student’s attitude might not change the meaning. Dependent variables include; student’s attitude, technology, Professor, and students. Student’s attitude is subject to change depending on the interest towards the subject and the teacher involved. Technology is subject to change depending on people’s ideas and its level of effectiveness. Professor is subject to change depending on how he/she adjusts to the new technology. The student’s are also subject to change depending on how involving the new technology is, they might improve on their study performance or not. This is non-experimental research since the independent variables cannot be measured but only observed. The statistical met hod to be used in this study is the unpaired t-test since in both groups students and teachers are independent of each other while the teaching process remains continuous (Creswell, 1994; Glass and Hopkins, 1984). Sample size n= 56 representing only one group, sample mean u= 28 STD deviation = 31.113 Variance = 968.01 Case study II In this case the dependent variable is the reinforcement schedules since the schedules can only be observed and not controlled. While the independent variables are the rein forcers (i.e. food, money and token) since they can easily be manipulated by the experimenter (Hart, 1998). In this case unpaired t-test will be used since the parameters are continuous and distributed. Comparison is to be made of the continuous distribution parameter in more than two independent variables; ANOVA will be used to generalize the unpaired t-test. This is an experimental research since the independent variables can be manipulated. Case Study III In this case independent va riable is the student achievement since it can be controlled and adjusted. While the dependent variable is their Scholastic Aptitude Test since it cannot be controlled it is natural. This is non experimental since the researcher cannot manipulate the results (Stake, 1995). Correlation analysis is suited for the analysis of this case; this is because the study tends to examine the strength of correlation between two variables that is SAT and scores. The paired t-test is recommended for this study since there are continuous parameters is distributed and compared in more than one paired group (Giddens, 1984; Gay, Mills, Geoffrey, Airasian, 2008). References Altheide, D. L., Johnson, J. M., (1994). Criteria for assessing interpretive validity in Qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.). Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 485-499) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Web. Black, T. R. (1999). Doing quantitative research in the social sciences: An  Integrated approach to rese arch design, measurement, and statistics. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. (p. 118). Web. Bogdan, R., Biklen, K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: an  Introduction to theory and methods. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Borg, R., Gall, P., Gall, D. (1993). Applying educational research  (3rd ed.). New York: Longman. Brownell, A., (1992). Reprint of criteria of learning in educational Research. Journal of Educational Psychology (84): 400–404. Web. Campbell,T., Stanley, J., (1963). Experimental and quasi experimental designs for research on teaching. In N. L. Gage (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (pp. 171–246). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally. Web. Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research designs: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluation  Quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Merill Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. Cooper, D. R. Schindler, P. S. (2001). Business research methods (7th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Friel, M., (2010). Assessing the goodness of a research study. College of criminal justice, Sam Houston state University. Gall, D., Borg, R., Gall, P., (1996). Educational research: An introduction. White Plains, NY: Longman. Gay, L.R., Airasian, P., (2000). Evaluation of a research report. 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